中國海洋大學(xué)357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研試題2021版來啦！

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　　I:Directions:Translate the following words,abbreviations or terms into their target language respectively.(30 points)

　　1.Counsel General

　　2.express deep appreciation

　　3.have a virtual toast

　　4.the three US-China communiques

　　5.veteran statesman

　　6.genetic engineering

　　7.real-time translation

　　8.real-world scenarios

　　9.virtual reality

　　10.freedom of the press

　　11.shelve the disputes

　　12.uphold one's values

　　13.bear the brunt

　　14.deadly and contagious diseases

　　15.identify pathogens

　　16.21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路

　　17.產(chǎn)權(quán)交易

　　18.保護(hù)軟件知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)

　　19.技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品

　　20.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)治理

　　21.人類命運(yùn)共同體

　　22.反興奮劑

　　23.基因突變

　　24.交叉感染

　　25.濫用食品添加劑

　　26.農(nóng)藥殘留

　　27.現(xiàn)場直播

　　28.低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)

　　29.工業(yè)固體廢物

　　30.海水淡化

　　II.Directions:There are two passages in this section.You are asked to translate them into their target language.If the source text is in English,its target language is Chinese.If the source text is in Chinese,its target language is English.(2 X60=120 points)

　　Source Text 1

　　The contemporary notion of the underclass is usually defined in terms of not simply income level,but also of individual behavior.It generally includes those residents of impoverished urban ghettoes-most typically black and,increasingly,numerous Latino Populations-who disproportionately bear children young and outside of marriage,commit crimes,do not support themselves through legitimate employment and subsist mainly through public largesse(公共救濟(jì)).Important recent research has found a great deal of heterogeneity(異質(zhì)性、不同)within these bad neighborhoods.Many welfare recipients also work,and many other of their neighbors avoid public assistance by working at minimum wage jobs in places like fast food restaurants even when the resulting income is less than what is provided by welfare benefits.Nevertheless,for a significant sub-population,their residence,poverty and deviant behavior often converge in depressingly predictable patterns.

　　Poor urban minorities are by no means the only Americans who fit this definition of underclass.Many Native Americans,especially on certain reservations,share similar patterns of poverty and behavioral problems as do poor whites in many areas,for example Appalachia(阿巴拉契亞)and other southeastern pockets of poverty.However,as most Americans now live in cities and not in.rural areas,the public's concern over the underclass focuses on the most visible among this group,namely those minority teen mothers we see on the bus,those criminals and drug addicts we worry most about harming us in our daily lives and read about in our local newspapers.

　　The various efforts to explain the existence of a modern underclass all too often fall along tired political lines.Over-dependence caused by generous welfare benefits;inadequate social welfare programs;spatial mismatch between inner-city jobs and residents;psychological dysfunction,etc:these are claimed by academics and politicians to be the most influential reasons for the economic and social decline among the underclass.

　　Source Text 2.

　　朱維之精通英語、日語、俄語等多國語言，也翻譯過一些英文、俄文著作，但他最著名的還是翻譯彌爾頓的作品。從上世紀(jì)40年代開始，朱維之立志要翻譯彌爾頓的三大詩作《失樂園》《復(fù)樂園》《斗士參孫》。1951年，他完成了首部《復(fù)樂園》的中譯本并出版，而后兩部卻是命運(yùn)多舛。

　　翻譯要做到“信、達(dá)、雅”已不容易，而翻譯詩歌比翻譯文章要難得多，既要達(dá)意，又要符合其神韻。朱維之說:“這是一種難度較大的藝術(shù)工作，不但要把原著的字句翻譯出來，更主要的是要把它的思想、精神傳達(dá)出來，還要把作者的特殊風(fēng)格表露出來。還要有適當(dāng)?shù)男揶o之美，使人讀了可以得到藝術(shù)上的享受。”因而，每一詩句都要推敲再三、字斟句酌，方可落筆。朱維之?dāng)?shù)十年嘔心瀝血，翻譯、研究彌爾頓的詩歌作品，數(shù)量之多、質(zhì)量之高，國內(nèi)無人能夠匹敵。

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